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The effect of agri-environmental schemes on biodiversity
Vodička, Jan ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The aim of thesis is summary of current results of scientific publications evaluating effectiveness of agri-environmental measures in the relation to biodiversity. This work deals with this issue in Europe, characterizes the situation in selected European countries and evaluate the effectiveness of compensation schemes and individual measures on selected groups of organisms. It also deals with the factors influencing the effectiveness and methodical approaches of evaluation studies. Results of studies suggest a low to medium efficiency of allover measures for plants and invertebrates and low efficiency for birds. Conversely targeted measures had a high efficiency, but their overall significance was very low due to small proportion of land compared to the horizontal measures.The worst situation was in the Netherlands, in other countries the results were relatively similar.
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Hydrological processes and dynamics in the changing climate and environment: Lessons learned from multiple temporal and spatial scales
Su, Ye ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Hanel, Martin (referee) ; van Meerveld, Hilda (referee)
Hydrological processes and dynamics in the changing climate and environment: Lessons learned from multiple temporal and spatial scales Ye Su ABSTRACT Climate change, along with the changes in land use and land cover (LULC), is the key factor driving the changes in hydrological processes and dynamics in a basin. This thesis emphasized on understanding the impact of both long-term climate change and abrupt anthropogenic driven agricultural intensification or natural driven insect-induced forest disturbance on hydrological processes and dynamics at varying spatial and temporal scales in two diverting terrestrial environment. Two pattern-based investigations, one case study in a forest region in Central Europe and another in a semi-arid region in Central Asia, were aimed to answer the main research question "what are the responses of hydrological dynamics and the related hydro-geochemical conditions to climate change and certain changes in LULC at a basin-scale?". The long-term hydro-climatic dataset was used for conducting statistical analyses and establishing hydro-climatic modelling at the basin scale. We further conducted process-based studies, attempting to understand how and why the specific hydrological dynamics were altered at smaller spatial and temporal scales: (i) a catchment-scale tracer-based...
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Decline of czech populations of the most threatened wetland birds: comparing evidence for drivers in the Czech and foreign literature
Ráslová, Pavlína ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The theme of this Bachelor's Thesis is to find relevant sources about specific factors, which cause changes in the density of the 4 most threatened species of wetland birds living in the Czech Republic. Those are the species, whose density fell most within the last decades. Specifically, this work looks at lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), snipe (Gallinago gallinago), godwit (Limosa limosa) and curlew (Numenius arquata). The target of this thesis is to differenciate relevant sources against irrelevant ones, which are often present as vague information spread outside of relevant literature and lacking a scientific fundament. Accurate indentification of the reasons of decreasing densities of these species is a neccesary prerequisite for any effort for their preservation. That is why it was essential to draw specific factors, which are the source of decline of these species, mainly from studies based on research in other european countries. Keywords: Wetland, intensification of agriculture, breeding habitat, management, population decline, Vanellus vanellus, Gallinago gallinago, Limosa limosa, Numenius arquata
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Hydrological processes and dynamics in the changing climate and environment: Lessons learned from multiple temporal and spatial scales
Su, Ye ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Hanel, Martin (referee) ; van Meerveld, Hilda (referee)
Hydrological processes and dynamics in the changing climate and environment: Lessons learned from multiple temporal and spatial scales Ye Su ABSTRACT Climate change, along with the changes in land use and land cover (LULC), is the key factor driving the changes in hydrological processes and dynamics in a basin. This thesis emphasized on understanding the impact of both long-term climate change and abrupt anthropogenic driven agricultural intensification or natural driven insect-induced forest disturbance on hydrological processes and dynamics at varying spatial and temporal scales in two diverting terrestrial environment. Two pattern-based investigations, one case study in a forest region in Central Europe and another in a semi-arid region in Central Asia, were aimed to answer the main research question "what are the responses of hydrological dynamics and the related hydro-geochemical conditions to climate change and certain changes in LULC at a basin-scale?". The long-term hydro-climatic dataset was used for conducting statistical analyses and establishing hydro-climatic modelling at the basin scale. We further conducted process-based studies, attempting to understand how and why the specific hydrological dynamics were altered at smaller spatial and temporal scales: (i) a catchment-scale tracer-based...
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The effect of agri-environmental schemes on biodiversity
Vodička, Jan ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The aim of thesis is summary of current results of scientific publications evaluating effectiveness of agri-environmental measures in the relation to biodiversity. This work deals with this issue in Europe, characterizes the situation in selected European countries and evaluate the effectiveness of compensation schemes and individual measures on selected groups of organisms. It also deals with the factors influencing the effectiveness and methodical approaches of evaluation studies. Results of studies suggest a low to medium efficiency of allover measures for plants and invertebrates and low efficiency for birds. Conversely targeted measures had a high efficiency, but their overall significance was very low due to small proportion of land compared to the horizontal measures.The worst situation was in the Netherlands, in other countries the results were relatively similar.
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Decline of czech populations of the most threatened wetland birds: comparing evidence for drivers in the Czech and foreign literature
Ráslová, Pavlína ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The theme of this Bachelor's Thesis is to find relevant sources about specific factors, which cause changes in the density of the 4 most threatened species of wetland birds living in the Czech Republic. Those are the species, whose density fell most within the last decades. Specifically, this work looks at lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), snipe (Gallinago gallinago), godwit (Limosa limosa) and curlew (Numenius arquata). The target of this thesis is to differenciate relevant sources against irrelevant ones, which are often present as vague information spread outside of relevant literature and lacking a scientific fundament. Accurate indentification of the reasons of decreasing densities of these species is a neccesary prerequisite for any effort for their preservation. That is why it was essential to draw specific factors, which are the source of decline of these species, mainly from studies based on research in other european countries. Keywords: Wetland, intensification of agriculture, breeding habitat, management, population decline, Vanellus vanellus, Gallinago gallinago, Limosa limosa, Numenius arquata
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Importance of insect for the pollination of crops
RŮŽIČKA, Vít
The pollination is an essential service of the ecosystem, which involves besides natural influences also animals. Hymenopteran insects belong to the most significant pollinators. For humans, the most important pollinator is the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which is bred for thousands of years, but its state is being declined in last decades. Reasons of the decline of bee colonies can be found in the intensification of agriculture (pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals) and spreading of diseases (American foulbrood and varroasis). Another important pollinator, which could possibly replace honey bees, are solitary wild bee species. But even those are also affected by intensive agriculture. In these species it is not affected only by the massive use of chemical agents, but also by the change in the structure of the landscape and the loss of natural location for nesting. An important step to protect bees (honey bees and wild bees) is the quantification of its value in the ecosystem service. On this basis, the governments compile new laws, but it is also important for protecting at the regional level.
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